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OPHTHALMOLOGY INFANTILE SURGERY

Amblyopia or lazy eye consists of partial vision loss to a greater or lesser degree. It normally affects just one eye, but can sometimes be bilateral when serious refraction defects exist in both eyes, especially serious astigmatisms. A lack of visual sharpness even with the best possible compensation.

Amblyopia occurs because the brain cells responsible for the vision of the eye in question fail to develop due to lack of use.
Most cases are caused by visual defects (myopia, astigmatism, hyperopia) which have not been detected or corrected during childhood.

Other causes are strabismus or late operated congenital cataract.

The causes of amblyopia include:

• Strabic amblyopia (i.e. in early appearing strabismus carriers)
• Exanopsic amblyopia or amblyopia through deprivation (i.e. when one eye is occluded for a time, for example: cataract or congenital ptosis; after operating the congenital cataract or ptosis the amblyopia persists)
• Emmetropic (i.e. due to emmetropia or severe gradation problems, especially combinations of astigmatism and hyperopia)
• Anisometropic (i.e. significant gradation differences between one eye and the other)
• Nystagmic (i.e. when the individual has nystagmus, which is a type of constant involuntary oscillatory movement of both eyes)
• Micro-organic (i.e. when a microscopic lesion affects the macula in such a way that the patient, despite the best treatment against amblyopia at an early age, and being treated correctly and in the best possible way, does not improve his/her eyesight)
• Isometropic (i.e. when the patient has the same gradation, generally high, in both eyes, he/she sees equally badly with both. This is not easy to treat because there is no possibility of occluding one eye in order to improve the other).

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