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CATARACTS                                                       

Cataracts are the loss of transparency of the lens. The lens is a transparent object situated behind the pupil, which enables us to focus sharply on objects. Due to a number of circumstances, diseases or, more frequently, the passage of time, the lens can lose its natural transparency and become opaque. Therefore, a cataract is more or less advanced according to whether there is more or less reduction in transparency. 

The greater the loss of lens transparency (or the more advanced the cataract) the greater the loss of eyesight.

Cataracts are a normal part of aging. The older the person, the greater the likelihood of cataracts appearing and advancing. However, cataracts sometimes appear at earlier ages, particularly in people who suffer certain complaints such as diabetes, intraocular inflammation and severe myopia, among others.

 

 

Cataracts may also appear after an eye injury or in certain families with a predisposition. Almost three out or four people of over 75 years of age suffer from cataracts, and most people with cataracts have them in both eyes.

However, one of the eyes may be worse than the other, because each of the cataracts advances at a different rate. 

 CATARACT SURGERY

-PHACOEMULSIFICATION

Phacoemulsification is currently the surgical technique most often used for the treatment of cataracts.

This technique consists of the following steps:

Entering the eye: This is done via a small incision of a self-sealing type (does not usually require sutures), with a diameter of 2.8 to 3.2 mm. Phacoemulsification techniques are currently being developed using smaller incisions (1.5mm. / 2.0mm.).

Opening of the cataract capsule:
the external membrane surrounding the cataract (lens capsule) is carefully opened on its front side. Then the breaking up and aspiration of the cataract is carried out though this opening and within this “capsular bag”.

-PHACOEMULSIFICATION

This is carried out with an ultrasound probe equipped with a 0.9 mm. diameter hollow titanium needle, which vibrates backwards and forwards 30,000 to 60,000 times a second (30 to 60 kHz), thereby acting on the cataract like a chisel and breaking it up into particles (phacoemulsification), which are then aspirated through the opening of the ultrasound probe.

Insertion of the intraocular lens: After the phacoemulsification has taken place, a lens is inserted (either with tweezers or with special injectors which do not necessitate the enlargening of the incision already made) and unfolded within the “capsular bag” (folding intraocular lens). Surgery is completed without the need for sutures.

-MULTIFOCAL MUDDLE

They are permanent lenses surgically implanted within the eye to replace the natural lens. They are used to correct focusing after surgery, such as a cataract operation for example, or to eliminate presbyopia or eyestrain.
Optical correction is constant and the images seen by both eyes are the same. Intraocular lenses are currently the best method for replacing the lens due to their great reliability thanks to the materials they are made of. 

Multifocal intraocular lenses offer the patient the chance of having excellent near, far and medium vision at the same time. The lens of the human eye is equivalent to a 15 diopter lens, such that when an intraocular lens is inserted, care is taken for this to have the same or more diopters than this. They are surgically implanted directly into the eyeball and play the role of the lens, enabling the eye to focus on both near and far objects without the need to use glasses.

Intraocular lenses are implanted in the eye by means of a very simple, fast operation with immediate results. The technique known as microsurgical phacoemulsification consists of aspirating the affected lens and replacing it with the multifocal lens. It is carried out with local anaesthetic, a few drops in each eye, and visual recovery, both far and near, is practically immediate, enabling the person operated to take up his/her daily activities in just two or three days.

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