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KERATOCONUS                                                  

Keratoconus is a progressive disease in which the cornea takes on an irregular conical shape.

The key signs of keratoconus are a thinning of the central or para-central part of the cornea, accompanied by apical protrusion, or the raising of the central part of the cornea, and irregular astigmatism. 

Keratoconus usually begins at puberty and then gradually progresses, although it may come to a standstill at any time. It can also sometimes appear at a later age, in which case there is less degeneration, eyesight being somewhat better and astigmatism lower than in the case of younger patients.

Keratoconus may be suspected when a young person with astigmatism and myopia fails to see correctly with his/her glasses and requires frequent prescription changes

TREATMENT INTAC

• INTAC

Intacs are thin, transparent inserts which are inserted at the periphery of the cornea, highly recommended in slight myopias or in persons with keratoconus, a degenerative disease of the cornea.  
They carefully remodel the cornea and restore correct refraction to the eye, without the need to remove tissue or manipulate the interior of the eyeball. Intacs are safe and highly effective.

The simple, totally risk-free operation, consists of a making a small incision in the surface of the cornea, to later insert the intacs: two layers of the corneal tissue are separated by way of a semicircular tunnel of negligible size, and the intacs are inserted by way of corneal attachment.
The intacs flatten the cornea by exerting a light outward pressure. As a result, light is centred on the retina and clearer, sharper vision is achieved immediately.

For patients with irregular or unstable corneas (keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration or severe corneal ectasias), where the only alternative is a cornea transplant, the appearance of the INTACS technique permits the stabilization or deceleration of the corneal alteration, avoiding the need for transplant in many cases.   
Doctor Emilio Juaréz was elected “professor” in the implantation of intacs.

• CROSSLINKING

The cornea is formed basically of a protein called collagen, which is fibrous and is composed of three chains which wind around each other (triple helix) and are responsible for its strength.

Crosslinking is a procedure which produces an increase in crossovers causing increased resistance and reduced elasticity of tissues. This occurs naturally in our body and is responsible for the hardening of blood vessels and the appearance of wrinkles with age.

If the technique of programmed and controlled Crosslinking is carried out on a pathologically weak cornea, as in the case of keratoconus, it is possible to increase its rigidity and reduce its weakness, preventing the disease from advancing.

This operation consists of saturating the tissue by instilling drops of RIBOFLAVINE or VITAMIN B2, a substance which sensitises collagen and stimulates the creation of new bridges or links between its long chains. Later, the cornea is irradiated with a special light, from the ultraviolet spectrum, at a specific wavelength (UVA 375 nm) and energy (3mW/cm2), and at a preset distance and time.

• CORNEA TRANSPLANT

The intention of this procedure is to replace the central part of the patient’s cornea with that of a donor. Eye banks are responsible for obtaining healthy corneas and distributing them to surgeons.
It is a fairly common operation and with very good results. The likelihood of rejection is less than with any other transplanted organ, since the cornea has no blood vessels.

 

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